Souteau  of  &TBlddiond, 


g »VI 


Ten  Y ears  of  an  Episcopate 
in  Japan 


Being  a Review  of  the  Progress  of  the 
Church  in  Japan  for  the 
Ten  Yea.rs,  Jtine,  i8gj, 
to  Jiine,  19^3 


The  Right  Reverend  John  McKim, 

Consecrated  Bishop  of  Tokyo,  June  14th,  1893 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 
Columbia  University  Libraries 


https://archive.org/details/tenyearsofepiscoOOwood 


TRINITY  CATHEDRAL,  TOKYO 

Ten  Years  of  an  Episcopate  in  Japan 

BY  THE  REVEREND  E.  R.  WOODMAN 


The  writer  well  remembers  tlie 
(lay,  more  than  ten  years  ago, 
when  the  Rev.  II.  D.  Page, 
then  the  president  of  the  Stand- 
ing Committee  of  the  Missionary  Juris- 
diction of  Japan,  informed  the  members 
of  the  mission  living  in  the  foreign  con- 
cession in  Tokyo  that  a cablegram  from 
America  announced  the  election  of  the 
Rev.  John  IMcIvim,  of  Osaka,  as  mission- 
ary bishop.  We  were  glad  that  one  of  the 
missionaries  on  the  held  had  been 
chosen ; one  who  hy  thirteen  years  of 
faithful  service  had  won  the  conhdence 
of  those  in  authority  at  home.  After  ac- 
cepting the  election.  Mr.  McKini  pro- 
ceeded to  the  United  States  and  was  con- 
secrated in  St.  Thomas’s  Church,  New 
York,  on  June  14th,  1893,  as  Bishop  of 
Yedo.  Returning  to  Japan  he  took  up 
his  residence  in  Tokyo,  which  Bishop 
Williams  had  made  his  see  city.  Soon 
after  the  name  of  the  district  was 
changed  to  Tokyo. 

Ten  years  have  passed.  What  has 


happened  in  that  time,  here  in  Japan? 
Great  events  have  come  to  pass,  some  of 
which  have  considerably  changed  the 
relation  of  the  foreigner  to  the  Japanese 
and  have  been,  on  the  whole,  favorable 
to  mission  work. 

I.  Some  Poiitical  Changes  Favor- 
able to  Religious  Progress 

1.  The  New  Constitution 

At  the  time  of  Bishop  Mclvim’s  con- 
secration the  new  national  constitution 
had  been  in  existence  but  four  years.  It 
was  still  on  trial,  the  foreigners  looking 
on  interestedly  to  watch  the  working  out 
of  the  new  ideas.  No  other  country  has 
been  in  a like  position.  European  na- 
tions have  gradually  worked  their  way 
out  ^’lom  monarchical  or  feudal  oppres- 
sion, contending  for  years,  sometimes, 
to  make  slight  headway.  Japan  has  the 
oldest  single  dynasty  in  the  world,  and 
until  half  a century  ago  had  a feudal 
system.  Almost  at  a stroke,  the  whole 


system  was  abolished,  and  on  February 
13th,  1889,  the  present  occupant  in  lineal 
descent  of  Jimmu  Tenno’s  throne 
graciously  allowed  his  subjects  to  have 
some  voice  in  public  affairs,  and  to 
elect  some  delegates  of  their  own  to  frame 
new  legislation.  The  suffrage  at  first 
was  very  restricted,  but  one  of  the  not- 
able events  of  the  decade  has  been  its 
extension.  The  election  of  members  of 
the  Diet,  which  took  place  in  August, 
1902,  was  conducted  under  the  new  suf- 
frage laws.  Before  this  election  the  num- 
ber of  electors  was  about  450,000.  This 
number  was  increased  to  about  1,000,000, 
the  membership  of  the  lower  house  of  the 
Diet  increasing  at  the  same  time  from 
300  to  375.  Another  great  change  is  the 
removal  of  the  former  property  qualifica- 
tion for  membership  in  the  lower  house. 
This  will  make  possible  the  election  of 
some  good  men  who  otherwise  would  have 
been  excluded. 

Just  at  present,  the  political  world  is 
in  quite  a ferment.  Naturally,  when 
power  is  given  to  a people  they  wish  to 
exercise  it.  The  lower  house  here,  as  in 
England,  represents  the  people ; the  upper 
house,  or  House  of  Peers,  stands  for 
more  conservative  ideas.  For  years  the 
lower  house  has  been  struggling  to 
make  itself  more  and  more  of  a 
power  in  legislation.  A number 
of  times  it  has  been  dissolved  by  the 
Government,  but  every 
year  a gain  has  been 
made.  The  great  object 
aimed  at  is  “party  gov- 
ernment” and  a cabinet 


responsible  to  the  people  and  not  to  the 
Emperor,  as  now. 

December  28th,  1902,  the  lower  house 
was  again  dissolved,  and  a new  election 
became  necessary.  By  this  election  the 
Liberal  Party  certainly  has  not  lost.  The 
new  Diet  is  just  now  (May)  commenc- 
ing its  sessions.  It  is  at  this  moment  an 
open  question  whether  the  lower  house 
will  still  continue  its  opposition  to  the 
Ministry.  At  all  events,  the  day  of  party 
government  may  be  very  near,  for  it  now 
has  most  substantial  support  wEich 
hitherto  it  has  lacked.  The  man  above 
all  others  to  whom  Japan  is  indebted  for 
its  present  enlightened  constitution  is 
Marquis  Ito — the  “father  of  the  constitu- 
tion.” This  wise  and  judicious  states- 
man has  from  the  first  been  a leader,  or 
rather,  w’e  might  say,  a trainer  and  guide. 
He  has  led  in  somewhat  the  same  way  as 
a father  leads  his  children — not  giving 
the  people  all  they  desired  until  the 
proper  time  came.  Hitherto  he  has  de- 
clined to  give  favorable  notice  to  the 

ever-growing  desire  for  party  govern- 

ment. Now,  however,  he  has  not  only 
given  his  sympathy,  but  has  himself  con- 
sented to  be  a party  leader,  thus  in  a 
way  separating  himself  from  his  former 
colleagues,  fellow'-veterans  of 
years  of  labor  for  Japan. 

All  this  may  seem  to  have 

no  connection  with  mission 


TRINITY  PARISH  HOUSE,  TOKYO 


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work,  but  it  lias,  indirectly  at  least.  It 
means  that  “Voun”-  daiian,”  progressive, 
foreign-edueated  da]uin,  is  fast  (.•oniiiig 
to  the  front;  and  tliat  old-lime  con- 
servatism and  distrust  of  foreigners  and 
their  ways  are  going  to  the  rear. 

2.  The  Anglo-Japanese  Alliance 

A recent  event  of  great  interest  not 
only  to  Japan,  but  to  other  nations,  also, 
is  the  “Anglo-Japanese  Alliance,”  con- 
summated last  j^ear.  The  Japanese  nat- 
urally feel  proud  of 
this,  for  it  is  the 
first  recognition  of 
an  Oriental  by  an 
Occidental  nation. 

Great  were  the  re- 
joicings all  over  the 
country  when  the 
alliance  was  an- 
il o u n e e d.  The 
natural  result  of 
this  state  of  affairs 
is  a subsidence  of 
the  strong  anti-for- 
eign feeling  which 
formerly  prevailed. 

Officials  of  both  gov- 
ernments vie  with 
each  other  to  in- 
crease the  already 
cordial  entente. 

Treaty  Revision 

The  event  of  the 
last  decade  which 
has  had  more  direct 
infiuence  on  the  for- 
eign missionary  and  his  work  than  any- 
thing yet  named,  is  the  revision  of  the  old 
treaties,  by  which  “extra-territoriality” 
was  abolished  and  all  resident  foreigners 
came  under  Japanese  jurisdiction.  This 
dates  from  the  summer  of  1899.  Before 
that  time,  foreigners  ivere  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  their  respective  govern- 
ments. Japanese  police  had  no  right  to 
enter  a fornigner’s  jirc-mises  without  his 
consent,  and  all  law  cases  were  tried  in 
the  defendant’s  consvdar  court.  As  can  he 
imagined,  this  state  of  things  was  galling 
to  the  Japanese,  hut  they  made  the  alien 


pay  for  his  exemption  from  Japanese 
control.  Except  by  special  government 
permission,  no  foreigner  was  allowed  to 
reside  or  to  do  business  outside  of  the 
foreign  concessions,  wdiich  w’ere  few  in 
number  and  small  in  extent.  In  Tokyo, 
for  instance,  the  concession  consisted 
of  about  sixty  building  lots.  Anyone 
w’ishing  to  reside  outside  of  these 
was  recpiired  to  obtain  permission 
and,  nominally  at  least,  be  in  the  ser- 
vice of  some  Japanese. 

What  a hamper 
this  was  to  mission 
work ! But  this  was 
not  all.  There  were 
five  “treaty  ports’" 
where  foreigners 
might  reside  (in  the 
concessions),  but 
they  could  not  travel 
beyond  twenty-five 
miles  from  one  of 
these  open  ports 
without  a passport. 
T h e s e passports 
were  granted  by  the 
J a p a n e s e Gov- 
ernment, at  the  re- 
quest of  the  repre- 
sentative of  the 
country  whose  citi- 
zen wished  to  travel. 
The  passports  were 
not  difficult  to 
obtain  — on  certain 
conditions. 
They  were  granted 
for  two — and  only 
two — reasons — “health”  or  “scientific  ob- 
servation.” For  years,  wEen  there  were 
but  very  few  native  evangelists,  the  for- 
eign missionary  longed  to  visit  the  in- 
terior to  preach  the  Gospel.  But  the  Gov- 
ernment could  not  give  passports  for 
such  a purpose.  If  a passport  were  re- 
(piested  for  this  reason,  it  was  always 
refused.  As  years  went  by,  however,  the 
use  by  missionaries  of  their  passports  for 
evangelistic  tours  was  officially  winked 
at.  But  many  missionaries  felt  that  they 
could  not  conscientiously  use  passports. 
The  passport  system  was  undoubtedly  a 


MARQUIS  ITO.  "THE  GRAND  OLD  MAN 
OF  .JAPAN” 


FUJIYAMA,  THE  SACKED  MOUNTAIN  OF  JAPAN 

Japanest  tradition  says  that  ti  t mountain  sprawj  up  in  a moment  at  the  time  of  the  great  eartltguake,  sue  B.C. 
Should  anyone  question  the  trulh  of  the  statement,  his  informant  can  urge,  " There  is  the  moimtainf'  It  is 
literally  worshipped  J)y  the  Japanese,  and  thousands  of  pilgrims  climb  its  summit  every  summer. 


great  hindrance  to  evangelistic  work. 
At  the  revision  of  the  treaties  all  this  was 
changed,  and  now,  as  long  as  we  obey 
tlie  laws  of  the  cmintry,  we  can  travel 
anywhere  witliuut  let  or  hindrance,  t(.) 
preach  or  lecture.  It  ought  to  be  said 
here  that  even  under  the  passport  regime. 
the  itinerant  mission  work  was  helped 
rather  than  hindered  by  the  police  in  the 
interior.  Permission  always  had  to  be 
obtained  for  anyone  to  hold  a public 
meeting,  and  almost  without  exception 
this  privilege  was  granted  to  the  foreign 
missionary. 

4.  Property  Rights 

Again,  in  the  ante-revision  days  no 
foreigner  could  hold  property  in  his  own 
name,  outside  the  concessions.  All  such 
property  had  to  be  held  in  the  name  of 
J apanese,  and  was  wholly  beyond  the 
legal  control  of  the  foreign  owner. 
Schools,  mission  residences,  chapels,  rep- 
resenting many  thousands  of  dollars, 
were  held  by  Japanese  trustees,  the  real 
owners  of  the  property  relying  on  the 
moral  integrity  of  these  native  holders, 
not  to  take  advantage  of  the  situation. 


This  was  quite  unsafe,  not  because  of  a 
lack  of  integrity  on  the  part  of  the 
trustees,  but  on  account  of  changes  and 
chances  which  might  occur.  Suppose  a 
foreigner  should  put  property  valued  at 
$10,000  in  the  hands,  as  trustee,  of  Mr. 
A.,  a prosperous  Japanese  business  man. 
For  years  all  goes  well,  then  Mr.  A.  gets 
into  hnancial  difficulties  and  becomes 
bankrupt.  His  creditors  hunt  up  his  as- 
sets and  find  a certain  piece  of  property 
valued  at  $10,000  registered  in  his  name. 
What  is  to  prevent  their  attaching  it? 
The  foreign  owner  could  have  had  no 
legal  redress.  Or  if  Mr.  A.  had  died, 
there  was  nothing  to  prevent  his  heirs, 
possibly  non-Christians,  claiming  the 
property  found  registered  in  his  name. 

In  ante-revision  days,  if  I am  not  mis- 
taken, a Christian  congregation  could 
not  be  registered  as  a “legal  person,”  and 
thus  had  no  legal  status.  After  revision 
this  was  allowed  to  Japanese  subjects. 
This  was  a great  improvement  on  the 
former  method,  as  an  organized  Christian 
congregation  could  legally  hold  property 
for  religious  uses,  and  this  would  not  be 
liable  to  alienation. 


ST  PAUL’S  COLLEGE,  TOKYO 


Some  time  ago,  foreign  missionaries 
thought  that  they  miglit  be  allowed  to 
hold  mission  property  in  their  own 
names,  having  no  Japanese  partners.  I 
think  that  the  American  Baptists  w’ere 
the  first,  or  certainly  one  of  the  first,  as- 
sociations to  apply  to  the  Government  to 
be  acknowledged  before  the  law  as  a 
“juridical  person.”  They  were  delighted 
to  find  that  their  request  was  granted. 
Other  Christian  bodies  then  attempted 
to  gain  the  same  privilege.  Some  of  the 
applications  were  favorably  received,  and 
others  refused.  Our  mission  is  among 
the  fortunate  ones.  Very  recently  a 
number  of  the  members  of  our  mission. 
all  foreigners,  have  been  incorporated  as 
a “juridical  person”  under  the  laws  of 
Japan,  and  they  can  now  hold  in  their 
own  names  all  of  our  mission  property, 
wherever  situated.  Probably  no  one  in 
the  United  States  can  appreciate  how 
much  this  means  to  us  and  to  the  mission. 

The  Government  and  Educa- 
tional Institutions 

So  much  for  the  benefits  that  have 
come  through  treaty  revision.  Some- 
thing else  came  after  revision,  which 


seriously  affected  the  boys’  schools  of  the 
middle  grade,  a most  important  part  of 
our  mission  w’ork.  The  policy  of  the 
Educational  Department  has  been  to  dis- 
courage private  schools,  native  as  well 
as  foreign.  Certain  privileges  are 
granted  to  pupils  of  government  schools 
which  are  withheld  from  others.  One  of 
these  privileges  applies  to  students  wish- 
ing to  enter  the  Imperial  universities; 
another  to  those  liable  to  army  conscrip- 
tion. In  order  to  have  a boys’  middle 
school  prosper  it  seems  necessary  for  it 
to  have  a license  from  the  Educational 
Department.  To  obtain  this,  the  school 
must  submit  to  the  government  curricu- 
lum. About  four  years  ago,  the  Minister 
of  Education  put  forth  a regulation  pro- 
hibiting religious  instruction  in  any 
school  under  the  department.  This  was 
a great  blow  to  mission  schools.  They 
have  little  reason  for  existence  except  to 
give  religious  instruction.  Some  are  in- 
clined to  think  that  this  blow  was  in- 
tended for  Christian  schools,  but  the 
writer  does  not  share  this  view.  Re- 
ligious teaching  of  any  and  every  kind  is 
excluded,  Buddhist  as  well  as  Christian. 
The  Government  had  a right  to  make 


.TAPANESP:  BUDDHIST  PRIESTS 

Buddhism  in  Jupmi  is  divided  into  numerous  sects;  between  some  of  them  inoleiit  enmities  exist. 


such  a regulation,  just  as  much  right  as 
any  one  of  the  United  States  has  to  for- 
bid even  the  reading  of  the  Bible  in  its 
schools. 

When  this  change  took  place,  the  writer 
was  most  decidedly  opposed  to  our  mis- 
sion schools  securinglicenses  on  such  con- 
ditions. It  looked  to  him  then  like  haiil- 
ing  down  our  colors.  Most  mission 
schools  have,  I believe,  not  taken  licenses. 
This  means  smaller  schools  for  boys. 
Certainly  non-Christian  hoys  will  attend 
the  schools  where  they  can  receive  the 
most  benefit  and  have  the  most  official 
privileges.  As  regards  St.  Paul’s  Col- 
lege time  has  proved  that  opponents  to 
securing  a license  have  been  happily  dis- 
appointed. Religious  teaching  is  pro- 
hibited in  the  school  building  proper; 
but  it  is  not  excluded  from  the  dormi- 
tories where  scores  of  the  students  live, 
and  this  under  much  the  same  rules  that 
governed  the  old  mission  schools.  The 
parents  or  guardians  of  all  boys  entering 
the  dormitory  are  required  to  sign  a 
paper  to  the  effect  that  the  boys  must  at- 
tend morning  and  evening  prayer.  The 
tone  of  the  school  is  good  and  the  boys 
flock  to  the  cathedral  morning  and  even- 


ing. There  is  a larger  percentage  of 
C’bristian  students  in  St.  Paxil’s  than  in 
any  other  boys’  school  in  the  country. 

II.  Some  Evidences  of  Progress 

1.  Christian  Leaven  in  the 
National  Life 

One  who,  like  the  writer,  can  look  back 
twenty-three  years,  can  see  a wonderful 
change  for  the  better  in  the  status  of 
Christianity  in  Japan.  Converts  are 
steadily  increasing  in  numbers,  and  what 
is  as  much  to  the  point,  the  ethical 
code  of  Christianity  is  gradually  per- 
meating the  nation.  What  has  been  con- 
sidered wrong  in  Christian  countries  is 
coming  to  be  considered  wrong  here. 

It  is  a mistake  to  say  or  to  think  that 
there  was  no  good  in  the  Japanese  people 
before  Christianity  came  here.  There 
was  and  is  very  much  good  in  them, 
apart  from  any  Christian  influence. 
They  have  some  fine  traits  of  character. 
They  have  faults  (some  other  people 
have,  too),  and  such  faults  cs  they  have 
we  firmly  believe  that  Christianity  can 
correct.  It  can  do  for  them  what  it  has 
done  for  other  nations. 


The  outlook  for  Christian  evangelistic 
work  is  hopetul.  (Tiristianify  docs  not 
now  seem  to  l)e  under  the  laui,  as  it  for- 
merly was.  1 do  not  mean  officially,  hut 
practically.  Nearly  everyone  has  read 
that  a Christian  man  has  been  for  some 
time  the  president  of  the  lower  house. 
One  must  not  lay  too  much  stress  upon 
this,  hut  it  at  least  gives  evidence  that 
his  Christianity  was  not  a bar  to  his 
election. 

2.  Three  Interesting  Facts 

Three  events  have  recently  occurred 
which  we  think  mean  a good  deal;  at  all 


Hearn,  chose  the  Rev.  Arthur  Lloyd.  For 
many  years  Tlr.  Lloyd  has  been  inde- 
fatigable in  direct  Christian  work.  Even 
a short  time  ago  I doubt  if  such  an  active 
Christian  would  have  been  chosen  for 
such  a position.  Again,  we  must  give  the 
caution  that  this  must  not  he  made  to 
mean  too  much.  lie  was  not  chosen  be- 
cause he  was  a Christian,  but  neither  was 
he  debarred  on  tins  account. 

Thirdly,  Tlrs.  Sugiura,  wife  of  Dr. 
Sugiura,  whom  a number  of  your  Amer- 
ican readers  will  know,  is  engaged  in 
teaching  two  of  the  Imperial  Princesses, 
daughters  of  the  Emperor,  klrs.  Sugiura 


A MEETING  OP  THE  KYOTO  HRANCH  OF  THE  WOMAN'S  AUXILIARY 


events,  they  show  that  Christians  are  not 
tabooed.  First,  some  months  ago,  the 
Premier  of  Japan  wished  a principal  for 
Ids  school,  in  which  are  educated  men 
for  future  official  position  in  Formosa. 
Me  chose  our  Dr.  Motoda,  a man  who  is 
thoroughly  identitied  with  Christian 
work,  being  not  only  rector  of  Grace 
Church,  Tokyo,  but  vice-president  of  the 
National  Students  IJnion  (Y.  M.  C.  A.), 
and  prominent  in  various  Christian 
movements. 

Secondly,  the  Tokyo  Imperial  Uni- 
versity, wishing  a successor  as  Professor 
of  English  Literature  to  Mr.  Lafeadio 


is  a graduate  of  our  St.  Tlargaret’s 
School. 

3.  The  Value  of  the  Y.  fl.  C.  A. 

Another  proof  of  the  present  state  of 
(Tiristian  work  is  the  flourishing  condi- 
tion of  the  Young  Men’s  Christian  Asso- 
ciation. It  has  a list  of  honored  ex-presi- 
dents,  among  them  being  a chief  justice 
and  an  admiral.  The  present  president 
is  klr.  Kataoka,  president  of  the  lower 
house.  It  has  good  men  also  for 
directors.  One  of  these  is  Mr.  Fukuoka 
(a  communicant  of  Grace  Church), son  of 
Baron  Fukuoka,  a member  of  the  Peers’ 


Club,  and  professor  of  international  law 
in  the  Peers’  School.  This  gentleman  is 
very  active  in  Christian  work.  A mem- 
ber of  the  standing  committee  is  klr. 
Ebara,  a member  of  the  Diet  and  a man 
of  great  influence  in  educational  circles. 
Several  rising  young  lawyers,  uni- 
versity graduates,  are  also  active  mem- 
bers. But  what  tells  far  more  than  all 
this  is  the  attitude  of  a part  of  the  nnn- 
Christian  public.  A certaiir  baron,  not  a 
Christian,  told  his  son,  recently  returned 
from  America,  that  before  he  made  any 
other  acquaintances  he  wished  him  to 
meet  the  young  men  of  the  Y.  M.  C.  A. 
A firm  of  architects,  non-Christian,  has 
given  500  yen  toward  an  endowment 
fund.  A non-Christian  merchant  has 
given  1,000  yen  for  the  same  purpose. 


There  can  he  no  ulterior  purpose  in  this. 
There  is  no  money,  education  or  position 
to  be  gained  by  identifying  one’s  self 
with  the  Y.  M.  C.  A.  The  fact  is  that 
through  this  movement,  Christianity  is 
making  its  infiuence  felt,  and  business 
men  are  finding  out  that  Christian  char- 
acter counts  for  something.  One  of  the 
highest  officials  in  the  Educational  De- 
])artment  has  said  that  he  highly  ap- 
preciates what  is  being  done  for  young 
men,  and  that  such  work  is  necessary  to 
give  moral  stamina  to  Japanese  students. 
Count  Okuma,  one  of  the  leading  states- 
men, also  gives  his  endorsement  to  the 
Association. 

Since  we  ore  reviewing  a ten  years’ 
episcopate,  the  inevitable  statistics  must 
be  brought  in. 


Comparative  Statistics  for  1893-1903 


im. 

1U03.  mo:i. 

Whole 

District  of 

District  of  Total. 

.■\ILssion. 

Tokyo. 

Kyoto. 

Foreign  priests 

12 

12 

9 21 

U 

deacons  

2 

2 

U 

teachers  and  workers  . . 

2-1 

22 

17  39 

Japanese  priests 

1 

9 

3 12 

a 

deacons  

6 

5 

3 8 

a 

postulants  

9 

5 

12  17 

u 

catechists  

33 

18 

11  29 

iC 

teachers  and  workers  . . 

,.  185 

69 

40  109 

(( 

communicants 

, . 1,496 

1,324 

700  2,024 

Contrihutions 

. 2.GG5yen 

■ifiOSyen 

2,973y£>«.  7,581i/e 

THE  MEMBERS  OF  THE  BROTHERHOOD  OF  ST.  ANDREW  AT  GRACE  CHURCH,  TOKYO 


DR.  TEUSLER  WITH 
THE  .lAPANESE 
ASSISTANT  ANlI 
NURSES  AT  ST. 
LUKE'S  HOSPI- 
TAL 

District 
of  T o k y 0 
where  a for- 
eigner w a s 
resident  ; 
now  there 
are  e i g h t. 
In  1893  the 


ST.  LUKE’S  HOSPITAL,  NOW  ENTIRELY  INADEQUATE  TO  THE  DEMANDS 
UPON  IT.  A NEW  BUILDING,  TO  COST  $1'>,0U0,  HAS  BECOME  A NECESSITY 


Gratifying  as  these  figures  are,  they 
do  not  supply  all  the  facts  of  growth 
during  the  ten  years.  Here  are  some 
others:  Bishop  McKiin  has  ordained 
eighteen  priests  and  twelve  deacons.  Re- 
cently St.  John’s  Church,  Tokyo,  cele- 
brated its  tenth  anniversary;  in  1893  it 
had  twenty-eight  communicants;  now  it 
has  ninety.  Then  the  offerings  of  the 
congregation  for  the  year  were  yen  73 ; 
for  the  last  year  yen  325.  In  1893  there 
was  but  one  out-station  in  the  present 


longs  to  this  last  decade,  but  is  now  quite 
inadequate  for  the  pre.sent  demands. 
Fourteen  missionary  residences  have 
been  erected,  many  of  them  at  out- 
stations.  It  is  a notable  fact  that  dur- 
ing all  this  time  not  a dollar  has  been 
appropriated  by  the  Board  of  ^Managers 
for  building  purposes.  The  money  has 
come  from  special  giving. 


4.  The  Growth  of  the  Native  Church 


During  these  years  there  has  been  a 
steady  forward  movement 
of  the  Nippon  Sei  Kokwai — 
“the  (native)  Holy  Catholic 
Church  in  Japan.”  Japanese 


value  of  the  buildings  in  the  present 
Tokyo  District  was  $G2,000,  and  in  the 
whole  mission  $87,000.  Now  the  Tokyo 
property  alone  is  valued  at  $101,000,  and 
that  in  Kyoto  at  $153,000.  Twelve 
churches  have  been  built  in  the  Tokyo 
District  and  four  were  built  in  the  Kyoto 
District  before  it  was  set  apart.  For 
school  buildings  we  have  much  to  show 
in  St.  Paul’s  College,  St.  Margaret’s 
School,  Tokyo,  and  St.  Agnes’s  School. 
Kyoto — all  large  structures.  The  present 
building  of  St.  Luke’s  Hospital  also  be- 


a:'.d foreigners  are  working  in  entire  har- 
mony, as  is  manifested  by  the  fine  frater- 
nal spirit  at  every  diocesan  convention 
and  general  synod.  At  the  synod  held  in 
April,  1902,  steps  were  taken  looking  to 
the  election  of  a Japanese  bishop.  How 
soon  that  will  occur  we  do  not  know,  but 
we  shall  all  rejoice  to  see  the  native 
Church  able  to  supply  and  ready  to  fol- 
low a Japanese  chief  pastor.  His  juris- 
diction will  undoubtedly  be  Tokyo,  the 
metropolis  of  the  country,  where  natur- 
ally the  Christian  work  is  most  strongly 


centralized.  This  means  that  the  Ameri- 
can bishop  must  make  another  see  city 
for  himself.  Bishop  McKim  is  deter- 
mined not  to  stand  in  the  way,  hard  as 
it  would  be  for  him  to  sever  his  connec- 
tion with  the  work  in  Tokyo.  Some  time 
ago  the  Bishop  started  an  endowment 
for  the  native  episcopate,  contributing  to 
it  the  offerings  at  his  confirmation  visita- 
tions. Some  of  us  thought  that  x>erhaps 
the  Japanese  did  not  realize  that  two 
bishops  could  not  reside  and  have  juris- 
diction in  the  same  city  and  that  the  ad- 
vent of  the  native  meant  the  retirement 
of  the  foreign  bishop.  When  they  did 
realize  it,  it  was  delightful  to  see  the 
spontaneous  expression  of  attachment  to 
Bishop  McKim.  There  is  not  a Japan- 
ese here  but  will  hesitate  a long  time 
before  he  takes  any  action  which  will 
cause  the  retirenient  from  Tokyo  of 
Bishop  TIcKiin. 

I have  never  known  Bishop  McKim  to 


be  so  busy  as  he  has  been  during  this  past 
winter.  The  Tokyo  District  is  a large 
one,  with  a population  of  about  11,000- 

000  people.  Some  of  the  stations  are 
nearly  GOO  miles  from  Tokyo,  and  Japan- 
ese trains  average  twenty  miles  an  hour. 
He  has  visited  most  of  the  churches  two 
and  three  times  for  confirmation  within 
the  last  few  months.  St.  John’s  Church, 
Tokyo,  is  overfiowing.  Grace  Church. 
Tokyo,  is  prospering  splendidly  and  is 
entirely  self-supporting,  though  in  1893 
the  congregation  was  contributing  but 

1 yen  a month  toward  its  own  support. 
Kow  it  has  a rector,  a curate,  parish  or- 
ganizations, and  a large  congregation, 
including  many  young  men.  At  Trinity 
Cathedral  there  are  six  services  in  Eng- 
lish and  Japanese  every  Sunday,  besides 
Daily  Tlorning  and  Evening  Brayer  in 
both  languages,  and  mid-day  prayer  for 
missions  in  English. 

5.  Work  among  University  Stu- 
dents 

The  Kev.  B.  T.  Sakai,  through  the 
aid  of  many  friends  in  America,  has 
begun  a uniciue  work  among 
the  students  of  the  Imperial 
University  in  Tokyo,  llis 
aim  is  to  have  what  in  Eng- 
land is  called 
a “hostel” — 
a living  place 


SOME  OF  THE  MEMBERS  OF  THE  CONGREGATION  AT  GRACE  CHURCH,  TOKYO,  PRESENT 
AT  THE  CONSECRATION  SERVICE 


for  young  men  connected  with  the  univer- 
sity. Three  buildings  have  been  secured 
in  the  midst  of  a student  population  of 
5,000.  Rooms  are  rented  to  young  men 
who  are  willing  to  receive  Christian  in- 
struction, though  they  do  not  commit 
themselves  to  becoming  Christians.  At 
present  the  house  is  full,  with  twenty 
residents,  all  of  them  ]iromising  students 
averaging  about  twenty-four  years  of 
age,  and  there  is  already  a considerable 
waiting  list.  Smdi  men  as  these  will 
largely  mould  the  future  policy  of  the 
Empire,  and  if  they  become  Christians 
will  be  able  to  do  much  to  further  Chris- 
tian missions  among  the  people. 

6.  The  Brotherhood  of  St.  Andrew 

d'he  work  of  the  Brotherhood  of  St. 
Andrew  in  Japan  is  also  something  which 
has  come  entirely  within  the  last  ten 
years.  Begun  in  1894  by  Mr.  C.  H. 
Evans,  who  was  sent  out  from  the  United 
States  as  the  Brotherhood  representative, 
and  who  laid  strong  foundations,  retir- 
ing in  1897  because  of  his  ordination 
and  his  addition  to  the  clerical  staff  of 
the  mission,  the  work  has  gone  on  stead- 
ily, and  has  been  greatly  developed  under 
Professor  Erank  E.  Wood,  as  ]\Ir.  Evans’s 
successor.  Professor  Wood  says  that  in 
the  whole  Tokyo  District  there  are  now 
but  one  or  two  places  where  chapters 


do  not  exist,  and  in  the  South  Tokyo 
District,  one  of  the  English  dioceses,  he 
knows  only  one  more  place  where  a chap- 
ter can  be  started.  Tie  is  soon  to  visit 
tlie  English  dioceses  in  the  extreme  north 
and  south  to  establish  chapters. 

What  is  the  Future? 

As  one  thinks  of  all  the  great  gain 
during  the  first  ten  j^ears  of  Bishop 
IMcKim’s  episcopate,  it  seems  appropriate 
to  ask;  “What  will  the  Bishop  be  able 
to  report  ten  years  from  now,  if  his  life 
be  spai'ed  'ITie  answer  will  not  depend 
wholly  ui)on  him.  lie  may  be  counted 
upon  to  do  his  work  in  the  difficult  post 
the  Church  has  entrusted  to  him.  What 
the  record  is  to  be  will  depend  largely 
upon  how  much  the  Church  at  home  will 
permit  him  to  do.  Give  an  architect 
sufficient  of  the  proper  material,  and  ho 
can  rightly  be  blamed  if  he  fails  to  erect 
a worthy  building.  He  cannot,  however, 
reasonably  be  expected  to  put  up  a six 
story  building  out  of  material  sufficient 
only  for  one  story.  Give  Bishop  McKim 
what  he  needs,  and  there  will  be  no  ques- 
tion about  the  result. 

The  old,  old  cry — how  familiar  it  must 
now  be! — must  be  uttered  again,  yes, 
again  and  again  continually,  until  Japan 
has  become  a Christian  country.  We 
must  have 

MORE  WORKERS. 


JAPANESE  CHILDREN  AT  A CHURCH  KINDERUARTEN 


SOME  SPECIAL  NEEDS  OF  THE  TOKYO 
DISTRICT 

1.  Three  unmarried  clergymen  for  important  evangelistic 

work. 

2.  Five  unmarried  women  for  general  parish  work  among 

Japanese  women. 

3.  A parish  house  at  Akita  to  cost  $1,000. 

4.  A new  building  for  St.  Luke’s  Hospital,  Tokyo,  to  cost 

$12,000. 

5.  A church  at  Kumagaya  to  cost  $3,000. 

6.  A church  at  Urawa  to  cost  $1,000. 

7.  A church  at  Kudan  to  cost  $1,000. 

8.  Three  residences  for  women  missionaries  to  cost  $2,000 

each. 

9.  A Church  at  Takasaki  to  cost  $3,000. 

10.  An  addition  to  St.  Paul’s  College,  Tokyo,  to  cost 
$3,000. 


CHIS  pamphlet  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Corresponding 
Secretary,  281  Fourth  Avenue, 
New  York,  by  calling  for  Pamphlet 
No.  307.  a a 0 a 0 a 0 
T>  All  offerings  for  Missions 
should  be  sent  to  Mr.  George  C. 
Thomas,  Treasurer,  Church  Mis- 
sions House,  281  Fourth  Avenue, 
New  York.  00000  0 

3|Tiie  Domestic  and  For- 
eign Missionary  Society 
OF  THE  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church  in  the 
United  States,  281  P'ourth 
Avenue,  N EW  Y OR  K . 0 0 0 


The  article  in  this  pamphlet 
was  reprinted  from  , . . 

Che  S>ptrtt  of  Scissions 

Every  subscription  means  more  money  for  Missions. 

Will  you  take  one?  The  cost  is  One  Dollar  a year. 

The  address  is  281  Fourth  Avenue,  New  York. 

“/  take  this  occasion  to  say  how  itnproved  The  SPIRIT  MISSIONS 
seems  to  me  to  be  and  ho~o  much  interesting  and  well  selected  matter  it  contains," 
— A L F R E D T.  Mahan,  Captain  United  States  Navy. 


